Iron in Homer

The Heart of Steel: a Metallurgical Interpretation of Iron in Homer

The Iliad and the Odyssey co-evolved with the use of iron, and so a detailed examination of iron in the Homeric poems has the potential to flesh out a “fuller cultural history” (1) of the Greeks: what they considered the properties of iron objects, and how iron acquires these properties. I believe the texts distinguish three types of iron: bloom iron, wrought iron, and steel, despite the fact t...

Homer Lane

The Homer System

Homer and Hesiod

One of the most frustrating aspects of Homeric studies is that so little literary material outside the Homeric corpus itself survives to enhance our understanding of the cultural landscape of the period. Recent scholarship suggests that a large and diverse poetic tradition lay behind the figure we refer to as "Homer," but little of it survives. Indeed we have little continuous written Greek for...

Pediatric Homer Syndrome

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to define the etiologies of Horner syndrome in the pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the medical records of all pediatric Horner syndrome patients (<18 years old) examined by the pediatric ophthalmology services at two large referral centers. Results: Seventythree pediatric Horner syndrome patients were identified. ...